Scale quality in second-language anxiety and WTC: A methodological synthesis

Abstract As survey research in second language acquisition grows popularity, the adherence to best practices associated with questionnaire quality is critical for a better understanding of factors that influence (L2) development. To ensure self-report scale targets construct interest and does it consistently accurately, authors primary should demonstrate their instrument possesses acceptable evidence validity reliability. this end, methodological synthesis focused on state L2 anxiety willingness communicate (WTC) by examining key issues quantitative offering empirically grounded suggestions future studies. A close examination 232 peer-reviewed articles used 385 WTC scales demonstrated, among other findings, lack content validity. The implications study contribute concurrent attempts at reform applied linguistics.